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    • List of Articles Incubator

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Introduce and Using the Approach of Positive Deviance in Identifying Potentials for Performance Improvement of the Tenants of Yazd Science and Technology Park
        Mohammad Saleh Oliua Ali Haji Gholam Sayazdi Abbas Zareu Benadkoki Shahram Shokohi Daruosh Pourserahian
        In Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. More
        In Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. In this research, Positive Deviants (Problem Solving Technique identified in 1990) has been used to achieve the main factors of prosperity of such bold tenants and try in recognizing solutions for distributing them to others. This research has been done in Information and Communication Incubators of Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). By four essential and methodological phases, “Define”, “Determine”, “Discover”, and “Design”, Implemented solutions and behaviors of prosperous tenants to overcome difficulties and enhance developments have been recognized. Besides, using the technique “House of Quality” some findings and solutions (by changes in key processes of YSTP) is suggested to generalize the research results to other tenants. Finally, some recommendations have been added to this study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Ranking of Effective Factors on Promoting Innovation Companies in Incubators, Using Fuzzy Topsis Technique; Case Study: Yazd Science and Technology Park
        Seyed Habibollah Mirghafori Hosein Sayadi Toranloo Maryam Kariminia
        In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore More
        In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore the aim of this research is to identify and rank effective factors improving innovation in companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). In order to identify effective indexes on improving innovation, update articles have been studied and experts' ideas in the field of technology were used from which thirty seven indexes were confirmed by experts. After designing questioners out of available indexes and content and face validity confirmation by experts, questioners were distributed among the managers and staffs of companies in YSTP. 200 questioners were corrected completely and achieved data were analyzed by Fuzzy Topsis Technique. Based on this, thirty seven indexes in questioners were ranked in terms of their importance regarding given responses by companies' managers and staffs. Earning knowledge and new information and accessibility of advanced technologies were identified as the most important effective factors in improving innovation in companies in YSTP incubators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Managing the Stakeholders Network in Technology Business Incubators
        Hasan KIhakbaz Jafar Eyvazzpour
        The Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) provide an effective means to link technology, capital and know-how in order to accelerate the development of new technology-based companies, leverage entrepreneurial talent, and thus speed the exploitation of technology. The TB More
        The Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) provide an effective means to link technology, capital and know-how in order to accelerate the development of new technology-based companies, leverage entrepreneurial talent, and thus speed the exploitation of technology. The TBIs assist emerging businesses through an array of business support services, developed by incubator management such as assistance in developing business and marketing plans, building management teams, obtaining capital, and ease of access to a range of other more specialized professional services. In addition, incubators provide flexible space, shared equipment, and administrative services. Therefore, the TBI goal is to produce successful firms that will leave the incubator financially viable and freestanding. To address this goal, involvement and support of stakeholders, consisting of sponsors drawn from the local business community, government, the broader community, venture capital providers, technopreneurs, incubator managers and staff are vital. The stakeholders in an incubator will help sustain its financing, offer assistance to its client companies, serve on governing boards, and play generally a key role in the incubator's success. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reason for involving stakeholders in TBI management and necessity of establishing a healthy relationship with them, based on an appropriate set of expectations regarding the nature of the relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators with a Global Perspective
        Majid Soleymani
        Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reach More
        Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reaching the country's development objectives, the role of universities and research centers in establishing social institutions and foundations which are in deal with such centers, is highly effective. Comprehensive and expanded protection of policymakers and officials from science and technology development centers and parks in addition to adopting new managing methods, would lay the necessary grounds for achieving the associated objectives. It is obvious that filling the existing gap between universities and other sectors such as industry, agriculture, health, etc, As well as transfer of knowledge and technology through such centers would be facilitated. That is, the science and technology parks accelerate the economic knowledge-based growth and development. Science and technology parks as research and development units can solve lots of existing problems and improve the situation and condition. With a glance to some of the units' activities it can be grasped that they have not been fully utilized yet. From many important factors, the lack of sound resource and facilitates distribution based on priorities, and lack of required decision adoption by innovation and technology policy makers and planners, different communication, law, and regulation problems lead to lack of suitable utilization. One of the patterns which presented for solving such a problem is the utilization of intermediary organizations and institutions in the cycle of the research to the market which could be realigned through establishing science and technology parks. Science and technology parks play essential role in creating and developing technology institution and professional research centers. Farther more, such R&D units would facilitate the aggregation and technical cooperation with its complimentary units such as engineering services companies, engineering and designing institutes, and professional research centers. Also, it provides suitable connection for funding and addressing the groups adjusted with R&D activities. This article by mentioning the establishment and characteristics of Iranian science and technology parks, explains the general situation of such centers are explained based on geographical conditions and establishing bodies as well as the numerous of center categorized based on dependence type and their different activities and international organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Evaluation of the Success Rate of Technology Units Located in Science and Technology Parks and Incubators
        Alireza Motmany Mohammad Hoseinabadi Amin Hemmati
        Knowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business e More
        Knowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business environment. A successful factor for these companies can be their involvement in science and technology parks and incubators. These parks and incubators can be considered as key infrastructures providing legal and commercial supports for these companies for leading them to success. This study aims at determining the success rate of knowledge-based firms located in science and technology parks or incubators. It also targets eliciting the correlation between the success of these companies and their number of employees. The correlation between their success and the time period during which these companies are residing at parks or incubators will also be investigated. The study will be based on a questionnaire survey on the statistical population of science and technology parks in Iran in 2010. The data collected from the current 758 tenants has been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the success rate of target companies was 68%. The chi-square test shows that the rates of success are not equal in different science and technology parks. The average numbers of workers in successful and unsuccessful tenants have been 5 and 2.8 respectively. The analysis of variance also shows the average numbers of workers are not equal in different science and technology parks. By using the chi-square test, the relationship between the number of employees and success is significant; and by increasing the number of workers, the rate of success in tenants has increased. The average duration of time within which tenants have been residing at parks or incubators has been 22 months. The chi-square test confirmed a significant relationship between their duration of stay and the success rate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - The Optimization of Queueing System for Obtaining the Initial and Final Permission for STPs and Incubators Office
        Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh Neyshaboory
        One of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behavio More
        One of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behaviour recognition, identification of the distributions and the parameters, simulation, and at the end presenting an appropriate solution that fulfills the desired goals to determine the optimum capacity. One of the problems of our country is that because of long queues and input rate to servers, the processes of administrative activities take a long time to complete. In this paper the process of obtaining the principled and decisive permitions from the Ministry of the sciences, research and technology to establish a science and technology park or an incubator (that takes a relatively long time) is being surveyed and analyzed. After analyzing and reviewing the different scenarios of assigning employees to the proper cases, we concluded that the assigment of 3 experts for principled cases and 5 experts for decisive cases results in lower average waiting time of the customers in queue (wq) and the average number of people in queue (Lq) in comparison to the two other alternatives under the study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Promotion of Management Potentials of Pre-incubation seeds and Tenants in Incubators by Applying Suitable Management Style
        MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Mohsen Fathollah Bayati
        Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This pro More
        Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This problem is even more extreme about the tenants in incubators and preincubator stage seeds, because companies and seed firms in incubators are truly vulnerable against mismanagement, and this problem would cause failure more than any other time. Taking nice management style during preincubation and incubation period, not only prevents from death of the company, but also increase probability of success, because the success of organization is depend on their successful passage from different levels and stages. In this paper, the types of management styles and mismanagement are carefully dealt with, and regarding position of the pre-incubation seeds and tenants in incubators over the life cycle of the organizations, different types of management including improper styles which can affect the organization trend of management are introduced also for a successful passage from pre-incubation to incubation regarding the management style of organization in pre-incubation, we suggested a management style effective for organization during the incubation period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - The Conceptual Model of University Incubators
        Tayebe Nikraftar
        Change and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on More
        Change and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on. Organizations should start a revolution in their managements and employees mind until the concepts of organization, work and competition basically change in their mind. In this situation we need entrepreneurs that can blow fresh blood in the economic state body through creativity, innovation, stability and self confidence and pacing effective step for solving employment crisis. It is obvious that entrepreneurial university is one of the strategic and key tools for this matter in the higher education level. Entrepreneurship University has made diversity mechanisms such as business incubators, science and technology parks, and entrepreneurship centers and so on for fulfilling their goals. The task of business incubators is to support the university graduates and young entrepreneurs that familiar with new technologies and owning creativity but they are often idle because founding a business by them is not possible without entering a high risk of failure. Business Incubators help these entrepreneurs to pass the primary growth stages and when they acquire the capabilities for activity in market they can leave/graduate the incubator. The concept of business incubator have been reviewed, analysis and habited in our country for some years. The object of this paper is to review the place of university incubators in developing employment and technology transfer. At first we pay attention to relations between the university, incubator and industry. Then we review the role of them in developing and transferring technology and finally we show a conceptual model for University Incubators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Privatization of Incubators; Necessities and Challenges
        Alireza Faraji
        The most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shap More
        The most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shaped inside the incubator, financial and moral structure of them is affected with incubator. Verifying this subject with interest to relations between incubator and determinate new units; requirement of incubator to have independence financial resources and to create basis for its own growth and development and experience of successful-abroad-incubators, shows that applyment of private management in state incubators is a favorite strategy to solve a lot of problems; an available and good pattern for determinate units and an optimal structure for incubators management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Incubators Performance Measurement by means of Balanced Scorecard
        Sara Safari Mausome Madah
        ong with formation of incubators and science and technology parks, by direct support of ministry of Science, Research and Technology, ministry of Industries and Mines, ministry of Industrial Development and Renovation, Governors and etc., decided to develop the incubato More
        ong with formation of incubators and science and technology parks, by direct support of ministry of Science, Research and Technology, ministry of Industries and Mines, ministry of Industrial Development and Renovation, Governors and etc., decided to develop the incubators; this resulted in establishment of more than 40 incubators, with technical fields of activity, in Iran. One of the outstanding subjects regarding these incubators, with more than five years of activity, is that there has not yet been any studies and researches on incubators performance measurement, therefore this makes the judgment on effectiveness of performances quite complicated and difficult. In this paper, we have tried to provide a method which is adaptable with the features of these incubators for management and evaluation of them. The model used in this article is the "Balanced Scorecard"(BSC). By considering and focusing on different aspects of this model which are: Finance, Tenants(customers), Processes for service delivering in incubators and Growth and Development, first the effective indices for performance measurement were specified, then by means of TOPSIS method, a method for incubators -as non-profit governmental organizationsmeasurement was introduced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Designing the Business Model for Virtual Incubator in Iran
        Amir Maniyan Maryam Khodadad Barmi Ayob Mohamadian
        Business incubator is economic development tools that provide a set of business support resources and services for accelerate to growth and success of entrepreneurial companies. Today, advancement of the internet and moving the businesses toward cyberspace set up a virt More
        Business incubator is economic development tools that provide a set of business support resources and services for accelerate to growth and success of entrepreneurial companies. Today, advancement of the internet and moving the businesses toward cyberspace set up a virtual incubator can be very important, So in other countries are considered. In order of increasing competition firms in various industries and Existing dynamics in business environments, designing the business model can be introduction for starting a successful business. According to this, Attention to business model for virtual business incubators is important. This paper is designing the business model for virtual business incubator in Iran. This design is done by study of related literature, interviews with experts and benchmarking results of several successful virtual business incubators in the world. Currently, there are many models to identify the components of business model and their relationship but Osterwalder 9 element model is known as the most popular and most perfect version. In this paper, the ontology Osterwalder is used in order to designing the business model for virtual business incubator. This design can be efficient step to starting the operational of this national project and can be followed productivity, Enhancing organizational performance and profitability Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - A Study on the Role of Government in Improving the Process of Launch and Development of Knowledge-based Businesses
        Najmeh Akbarzadeh Ehsan Shafiezadeh
        In the “knowledge-based businesses” research field, few applied studies have been conducted. Meanwhile, by identifying the critical success factors in starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses, we can recognize necessary contexts for these targets and ta More
        In the “knowledge-based businesses” research field, few applied studies have been conducted. Meanwhile, by identifying the critical success factors in starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses, we can recognize necessary contexts for these targets and take steps toward implementing it. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research is identifying and prioritizing the keyactivities to be carried out by government in order to improve the process of starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses. The method of this study in terms of purpose is applied research, and in terms of data gathering method is descriptive survey. The target population of current study included all knowledge-based corporations deployed in incubators and science & technology parks of universities in Tehran. To gathering required data for this research, the questionnaire has been used. Chi-squared test is used to data analysis, and Friedman’s analysis of variance is applied to ranking parameters. The results of this study revealed that improving the process of starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses is possible throughgovernment’s some key activities which “financial supports of government” is placed on top of them. Hence, it can be said that the government should start broad efforts in this regard, and this issue should be considered by relevant government authorities. At the end, the recommendations based on the research results are presented. Manuscript profile
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        13 - The Participation of Humanities Universities in Cycle of Theorizing And the Role of Humanities Incubators
        mohammad hassan hassani
        Considering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory i More
        Considering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory is conditioned on the operation of the generated knowledge and its movement from the step of analogical reasoning (normative theory) to the inductive argument (the descriptive theory) in the theoretical cycle. Thus, the Test theory in the inductive argument can be considered as the main mission of the Humanities University. In this cycle, the observed anomalies lead to the production of knowledge and theorizing and access to the authority of the Humanities University. In order to move the knowledge cycle from theory to reality and transforming knowledge into a theoretical cycle, from the deductive reasoning (normative theory) to inductive reasoning (descriptive theory), there is a need for universities to target the universities in order to participate in various missions that can identify and explain these abnormalities. This means that in the knowledge production cycle all universities have the same importance in scientific development. Given the intrinsic nature of Humanities Universities in direct relation with society, the establishment of Humanities Incubator can lead to direct association of university professors with the community and create the production of indigenous knowledge of humanities. In fact, these centers can connect with various cultural institutions of the society along the lines of indigenous patterns through the establishment of a business in the field of humanism through the use of professors from the university of humanities and other universities. Such a structure, by removing obstacles to the development of higher education system, will define the ecosystem of education in Humanities Universities, which will be the basis of the theoretization based on indigenous knowledge in the country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Extracting the Performance Indicators Based on BSC Model for SMEs Residing in Technology Incubators
        Iman Shariat Reza Ghanbari Seyed Mousa Siadati Saed Sedigh
        Science and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the c More
        Science and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the community. In order to improve the impact of these supports, STPs and incubators periodically evaluate the activities of residents and, after identifying strengths and weaknesses, provide services tailored to each company's needs. However, it is worthy to ask, what indicators should the evaluation system include that can reflect a true and more comprehensive picture of the company's condition with presenting the company's core needs to the incubator manager? Therefore, in this research some general models of performance evaluation have been reviewed, and because of the benefits of BSC model, especially its compatibility to manufacturing SMEs, this system has been used for the principle of the current study. Then, based on 17 years experience of Khorasan Science and Technology Park in unlocking the region's manufacturing potential, and the opinions of experts in other incubators in the country and around the world, 104 critical indicators have been identified in evaluating the manufacturing SMEs. These indicators also were ranked using U Mann Whitney and Friedman statistical tests. The results showed that the "customer and market" is more important than the other three perspectives in BSC model, and "Market research" and "CEO capability and expertise" are the most important indicators and sub-indicators, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Identification of the Challenges of Technology Development of Network Contexts in University of Tehran Incubators
        Mahdi Rezvanitabar Siamak Eslami
        Technology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acce More
        Technology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acceleration of business for a permanent presence in the market. Fewer research can be found addressing incubators in technology development. This research identified the challenges of technology development of university incubators. This survey was applicable, and in terms of controlling variables, indirect, random and descriptive in matter exploration of library and filed in data collection, and in terms of nature, descriptive. In terms of data type, it was a qualitative type of exploration and in terms of how to collect data was field research and library research. Books, publications, internet resources, and valid databases using library studies, documentary studies, interviews and field research were used for collecting data. The result of this section was to identify the dimensions of the challenges of technology development in the university incubators. In this research, a semi-structured interview with experts is presented to identify the issues. Qualitative data analyzing has been done using (Atlas-ti®) software. All interviews are recorded, transcript-ed to word software and assigned in Atlas-ti® software. The result of coding and categorizing, including 4 categories and 16 main codes, states technology development challenges related to networking contexts. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators in Iran: Review
        Mahdieh Rezaeisadrabadi
        Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilita More
        Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge by employing alumni population and accelerate the movement towards knowledge-based economic growth. On the other hand, the possibility of international communication between STPs and TBIs provides a favorable situation for scientific & technological cooperation between them and other similar centers and technology companies. Therefore, providing a comprehensive national picture of the overall situation of the STPs and TBIs in line with the policy making of technology in Islamic Republic of IRAN is important. According to the data collected until the end of July 2018, there are currently 36 STP and 83 TBI under non-STP organizations across five national regions. In this paper, the data collection was carried out via a questionnaire in partnership with the Rooyesh ICT Incubator and the Ministry of Science, research and Technology (MSRT). This study, tries to analyze various aspects of the situation of STPs and TBIs in Iran based on the qualitative standards of the reports published by International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP). Manuscript profile